The Effect of Sunspots Number on the Total Electron Content (TEC) of the Ionospheric Layer E Over Kirkuk Station for Solar Cycle 24

In this work, the effect of sunspots number (Ri) on the Total electronic content (TEC) were studied for the years (2008, 2014, 2018) which represents the rising phase, the peak and the down phase of the solar cycle 24 over Kirkuk station in Iraq at latitude 35 ° North and longitude 44 ° East, by finding the TEC values for the E – layer, the layer ’ s impression times are determined for the days of solstice and equinox. In this study the International Reference Ionosphere program (IRI) program have been applied to find the values of TEC which provided by the space research committee (COSPAR) and International Union of Radio Sciences (URSI), IRI have three upper side electron density options. The accuracy of this study was verified by the application conducted of the university of Hacettepe in Ankara, Turkey by matching the reading of TEC from Global Position System (GPS) with output data of TEC from the IRI for Ankara station which located at (39.7 N;32.76 E). And from this investigation turns out that the output data from the option IRI2001 was more consistent with reading of the GPS, than the rest of the other options. From this study by using the statistical program Minitab version 2018. There is a strong correlation between the Total Electron Content (TEC) of Ionospheric layer E and Sunspot number for solar cycle 24. Keyword: Ionospheric layer E, Total Electron Content (TEC), IRI2016model, Solar cycle 24, Minitab 2018. DOI: http://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2020.15.1.1 Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS) Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2020 , pp. (1-17) ISSN: 1992-0849 (Print), 2616-6801 (Online) Web Site: www.uokirkuk.edu.iq/kujss E-mail: kujss@uokirkuk.edu.iq, kujss.journal@gmail.com 2 ت أ ريث ىلع ةيسمشلا عقبلا ملا ا ىوتح للإ نورتك ي يلكلا ( TEC ) ل قبطل ة E ريفسونويلال قوف ةيسمشلا ةرودلل كوكرك ةطحم 24 يكز ءافو 1 دمحم دومحم ةيزور ، 2 تياده تدوج ، 3 1,2,3 .قا رعلا ،كوكرك ،كوكرك ةعماج ،مولعلا ةيلك ،ءايزيفلا مسق 1 wafaa_1966@uokirkuk.edu.iq, 2 rosia8425@gmail.com, 3 jawdet77@uokirkuk.edu.iq لا صخلم يف لمعلا اذه مت ةسا رد ريثأت ةيسمشلا عقبلا ددع ( Ri ا ىوتحملا ىلع ) لإ يلكلا ينورتكل (TEC) نينسلل كلذو ( 2008 ، 2014 ، 2018 دعاصلا روطلا لثمت يتلاو ) ، مقلا ة يسمشلا ةرودلل لزانلا روطلاو ة 24 يف كوكرك هطحم قوف لوطلا طخ ىلع عقت يتلاو قا رعلا o44 اقرش ضرع طخو o35 لامش . داجيا للاخ نمو ( ميق TEC ةيريفسونويلا ةقبطلل ) E مت ةقبطلل روهظلا تاقوأ ديدحت مايل لمعلا اذه يف مت .ةسا ردلا هذهب اهيلا ريشا يتلا تاونسلل لادتعلاو بلاقنلا قيبطت ريفسونويلا جمانرب يملاعلا يعجرملا ( IRI ا ىوتحملا ميق داجيل ) للإ ينورتك يلكلا ( TEC ) لاو يذ ي ثاحبأ ةنجل همعد ربساك ءاضفلا ( CASPER ) يلودلا داحتلاو ويدا رلا مولعل ( URSI اذه يوتحيو .) ع جمانربلا داجيل تا رايخ ثلاث ىل ةفاثكلا لإا يف يرجأ قيبطت للاخ نم لمعلا اذه ةقد نم ققحتلا مت .ةيريفسونويلا ةقبطلل يولعلا بناجلا يف ةينورتكل جاح ةعماج ت ةب ( Hacettepe ةرقنا يف ) / قيرط نع ايكرت ا ىوتحملل ةيرظنلا ميقلا ةقباطم لإ يلكلا ينورتكل ( TEC ةجتانلا ) نم جمانربلا ( IRI ) تاءا رقل ةيلمعلا ميقلا عم ( TEC خأملا ) ذو عقاوملا ديدحتل يملاعلا ماظنلا نم ة GPS يتلاو ةرقنأ ةطحمل لوط طخ ىلع عقت o32,76 اقرش ضرع طخو o39.7 لامش رايخلا نأ نيبت ةقباطملا هذهل ةجيتنو مادختسا وه ( IRI2001 اقاستا رثكأ وهو جئاتنلا لضفا ىلع لوصحلل ) اقفاوت و جمانربلل تا رايخلا يقاب نم IRI . ريثأت داجيا مت دقو ىلع ةيسمشلا عقبلا ددع ( TEC يئاصحلا جمانربلا للاخ نم ) Minitab) رادصا ) 2018 أ نيبتو قيثو طبا رت كانه ن ىوتحملا نيب ا لإ ةيريفسونويلا ةقبطلل يلكلا ينورتكل E ةيسمشلا ةرودلل ةيسمشلا عقبلا ددع عم 24 . Kirkuk University Journal /Scientific Studies (KUJSS) Volume 15, Issue 1, March 2020 , pp. (1-17) ISSN: 1992-0849 (Print), 2616-6801 (Online) Web Site: www.uokirkuk.edu.iq/kujss E-mail: kujss@uokirkuk.edu.iq, kujss.journal@gmail.com 3 ا تاملكلا ةلادل : بط ةق E لال ريفسونوي ، ىوتحملا لإا ورتكل ين يلكلا ( TEC ,) جذومنلا IRI2016 ، ا ةيسمشلا ةرودل 24 . DOI: http://doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2020.15.1.1


Introduction:
According to the electrical classification of Earth atmosphere layers, are divided in to three main layers, the Troposphere, Stratosphere, and the Ionosphere [1]. The Ionosphere is ionized gas (charged and neutral) particles [2,3]. The ionization is change in the day than in the night and in the summer more than rest of the seasons and in the sunspots maximum than minimum this varies depending on the time of day and season as well as location and solar cycle [4]. The ionosphere is a layer of the Earth's atmosphere that stretches from upper center of the Mesosphere to the end of the Exosphere. It was divided into four diurnal layers according to different electronic density. And they are D, E, F1and F2 [5]. The proportion of production of ions in these layers depends on the zenith angle (x). An angle made by the sun with the column and be the highest value at the time of sunrise, sunset and also the angle value varies depending on the time of days, year and location. Studying the Ionosphere parameter is very important such as Total Electronic Content (TEC) because finding TEC values is great importance in calculating the phase delay of radio waves traveling through the Ionosphere, and in determining Scintillation, which is the time rate of fluctuations in the intensity of radio waves. Which affects to the communication, navigation systems and space observation systems to work more efficiently [4,6]. TEC is widely used recently which is the sum of the electrons on a vertical path consisting of the cross-sectional area 1 m 2 of the satellite altitude of 20,200 km to the recipient on Earth if its value is then determined from GPS. Its unity 1TECU= 1 X 10 16 electron/m 2 [7]. There is a lot of research for the Ionosphere study especially the Total electronic content parameter of these studies. In 2015, researcher X: Zenith angle Z: Reduced height q°: The highest Value of ion production is at noon : The Maximum range of ion production is limited at = =° [18,19] = ( ) 1/2 ( ) : Electron Density, ( ): maximum value of electron density. This theory concluded that the greatest density is in summer [20] and subjected to layers D, E, F1 and not to F2 [16]. The tiring way of studying in this research can be seen through the flowchart in Fig. 2.

Results and Discussion:
In the present study were compared the values of TEC obtained from (GPS -TEC) from  Table 1 and by comparing the TEC values shown in Fig. 3. The curves (a-e) represent the days of spring and autumn equinox and the curves(f-l) represent the days of winter and summer solstice for years (2008,2014,2018) for solar cycle 24.The relative deviation rats calculated by this equation [2], [14].
From the statistical equation, it was found that the IRI2001 option is the closest to the reading of the GPS over Ankara station. So this model was used to estimate the results of VTEC for E layer over Kirkuk station. Fig. 3 shows that the lowest deviation is for the IRI2001 option which is closest option for GPS. So then use this option to study Total electron content (TEC) for Ionosphere layer E.     In June the apparition starts at 5.00 to 19.00 pm and the highest value is at 11.00 to 13.00 pm.
In September the apparition starts at 6.00 to 19.00 pm, it increases by one hour and the highest value is at 11.00 to 12.00 am, in December 2014 the apparition starts at 7.00am to 19.00pm and highest value in 11.00 is local time.

Statistical Analysis :
Through