Kirkuk University Journal-Scientific Studies

This research aims to study the effect of the amount of clouds on the number of actual hours of Sunshine in selected stations in Iraq, namely (Mosul Station, Baghdad Station, Basra Station), using data (the amount of clouds and the number of actual hours of Sunshine) for a period of (31 years) for the period extending from (1980 - 2010), which were obtained by data available in the Iraqi Meteorological organization and Seismology. In this research, the effect of the amount of clouds on the number of actual hours of Sunshine was clarified by studying the monthly and seasonal change of the two variables, in addition to clarifying the nature of the relationship between them by calculating the correlation coefficient using Microsoft Excel (2010). The results indicated that there is a strong inverse correlation between both variables in The three study stations, where the values ​​of correlation coefficients ranged between (-0.92) – (-0.87) in the study sites, and this indicates that with the increase in the amount of clouds the number of hours of actual hours of Sunshine decreases, and vice versa.

The present work include preparation of some transition metal complexes Cu(II) with Schiff base ligands L₁ (benzylideneamino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) L, L₂(Z)-4-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) L2 and L₃ 4,4'-((1E,1'E)-pentane-2,4-diylidenebis(azanylylidene))bis(pyrimidin-2(1H)-one) (pdp). The ligands were prepared from condensation reaction of the benzaldehyde, Salicyaldehyde and Acetylacetone with cytosine respectively. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity; magnetic susceptibility measurements, NMR spectroscopy for ligand, electronic and infrared spectroscopy.
These complexes were classified into two classes:
1-[CuL₁Cl₂]  , [CuL₂Cl₂] ,  [CuL₃Cl₂] 
2-[Cu(L₂)₂Cl₂] , [Cu(L₂)₂Cl₂] , [Cu(L₃)₂Cl₂]
 Low conductance value showed that all the prepared complexes are non – electrolyte and the magnetic susceptibility measurements, electronic spectroscopy showed that all the prepared complexes of Type (1) have a square planar geometry for copper complexes, the complexes of Type (2) have an octahedral geometry.

The positive ground-state band (GSB) of isotones for N = 108 has been calculated using the Interacting Bosons Model (IBM-1), and Interacting Vector Boson Model (IVBM), while the negative-parity band (NPB) of  , has been calculated using the (IVBM). since (IBM-1) have different calculation according to the characteristics of each nucleus, these characteristics were identified using different method, Plotting  the relation of the  moment of inertia ( )  against the rotational frequency of the emitted photons ( ) during nuclear transition between different energy states were determined, The calculation shows that    nucleus do not have any back-bending effect which indicates that its characteristics have not changed, While  have a back-bending which indicate  that a change in their characteristics. Also using the relation between different excited states energies to their preceding values, one can determine  the characteristic of each nucleus which shows a rotational characteristics for  nucleus, while  have transitional characteristics between the two vibrational and rotational challenges, To get to know the characteristics of the nucleus more accurately the relation of the gamma energy over spin ( ) as a function of the spin (I) E-GOS was drown, the calculation showed pure rotational characteristic for  nucleus, While the nuclei have gamma soft O(6) characteristic, When staggering phenomena  between (NPB) and (GSB) has been studied, The contour plot show that  nucleus did not reach zero value which refer to the constancy of their characteristics.